{"id":9,"date":"2013-05-07T11:58:04","date_gmt":"2013-05-07T11:58:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/?page_id=9"},"modified":"2014-07-23T08:29:55","modified_gmt":"2014-07-23T06:29:55","slug":"the-ckgr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/the-ckgr\/","title":{"rendered":"The CKGR"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Central Kalahari is a unique, beautiful place, situated in the middle of the kalahari sands.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_409\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/BotswanaCKGRSimpleMap.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-409\" class=\"wp-image-409 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/BotswanaCKGRSimpleMap-1024x764.jpg\" alt=\"The Kalahari sands (beige), Botswana (Black line), the Kalahari Lion Conservation Unit (red line), the CKGR (Dark green area) and the study are for this project (light green area).\" width=\"740\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/BotswanaCKGRSimpleMap-1024x764.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/BotswanaCKGRSimpleMap-300x223.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-409\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Kalahari sands (beige), Botswana (Black line), the Kalahari Lion Conservation Unit (red line), the CKGR (Dark green area) and the study are for this project (light green area).<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10\" style=\"width: 1018px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/preysurveymap.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10\" class=\"wp-image-10 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/preysurveymap.jpg\" alt=\"PreyRoutes\" width=\"1008\" height=\"785\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/preysurveymap.jpg 1008w, https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/preysurveymap-300x233.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/preysurveymap-624x485.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1008px) 100vw, 1008px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-10\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A schematic of the lion prey survey route taken every month<\/p><\/div>\n<h3><strong>Pan Habitats<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A distinctive feature of the CKGR is the pan habitats. Many roads run through pans, and campsites are usally close by. They \u00a0consist of a hard clay base in a flat depression. The pans provide exceptional grazing for some species, even though the grass is usually short. Nutrients like calcium and phosphorous are presumed to be abundant and sought by grazing herbivores.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-9 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/pan_talltrees_gemsbok_greenish\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Pan_TallTrees_Gemsbok_Greenish-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-417\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-417'>\n\t\t\t\tThis photo of a pan habitat shows the typical stunted size of trees in CKGR woodlands. \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/pan_shorttree_shortgrass_dry_termite\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Pan_ShortTree_ShortGrass_Dry_Termite-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-416\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-416'>\n\t\t\t\tSparse trees provide shade for animals on pans.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/pan_shortgrass_springbok\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Pan_ShortGrass_Springbok-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-415\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-415'>\n\t\t\t\tSpringbok especially love the pan habitats, and congregate in herds of a few thousand animals. \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/pan_shortgrass_fire_springbok\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Pan_ShortGrass_Fire_Springbok-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-414\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-414'>\n\t\t\t\tEven when dry the pans provide important grazing for animals like the Springbok\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/2014\/03\/29\/lioness-sf010-steph-2\/one-of-our-research-lioness-crosses-phokoje-pan-with-her-cubs\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/IMG_3967-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-389\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-389'>\n\t\t\t\tLions are afforded no cover on the short grass of pans and rarely will hunt on this habitat. However, they seem to use them regularly for socialising and moving long distances.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/pan_aerial_road_vehicle\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Pan_Aerial_Road_Vehicle-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-407\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-407'>\n\t\t\t\tAn aerial shot of a vehicle traveersing the road placed on the boundary of the pan (bottom) and the dune savannah (top).\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/pan_savannah_woodland_satimage_road_passargevalley\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Pan_Savannah_Woodland_SatImage_Road_PassargeValley-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-412\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-412'>\n\t\t\t\tAn aerial shot of the pans (below the road) dune savannah (above the road, and some typical sparse woodland (darker areas)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/pan_trees_fire_oryx\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Pan_Trees_Fire_Oryx-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-418\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-418'>\n\t\t\t\tFires do not usually disturb the short grass on clay pans, where many species seek refuge&#8230;.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Pans mostly comprise well-grazed Schmidtia kalahariensis grasses and a variety of forbs (families Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Aizoaceae and Scrophularaceae), with the occasional tall tree (see habitat categories below for examples of species). Pan habitats are preferred by grazing herbivores for much of the year for high nutrient grasses and provision of salt licks (Williamson et al. 1988). They frequently contain shallow depressions that collect water in the rainy season and last for variable periods into the dry season. Pans usually have calcium tolerant plants at the ecotone boundary to sandy habitats. These plants include <em>Cataphractes alexandri <\/em>and<em> Vachellia nebrownii<\/em>. \u00a0These shrubs only occasionally cover entire, small pans. I used Landsat 5 satellite imagery (USGS, 2010) and compared to direct ground measurement to estimate the coverage of pan type habitats at approximately 2.8% of the study area.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Dune savannah habitat<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The most abundant habitat is the dune savannah. \u00a0This habitat is built on soft sand that formed sand dunes in drier times. Now vegetation stops most movement of the dunes, but they are still very visible features. Grass grows tall on this sandy substrate, and woody shrubs are very common. <a href=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/2013\/06\/02\/oryx\/\">Gemsbok<\/a> (a common southern african Oryx species) are abundant here, although widely dispersed in small groups. The lions do most of their hunting in this habitat which provides them good cover, and Gemsbok are a favoured species.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-9 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/savanah_open_tallgrass_lion\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Savanah_Open_TallGrass_Lion-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/savannah_longgrass_tallshrubs\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Savannah_LongGrass_TallShrubs-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/savannah_shortgrass_tallshrubs_dry\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Savannah_ShortGrass_TallShrubs_Dry-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-424\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-424'>\n\t\t\t\tGrewia species are commoon\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/savannah_tallshrubs_dry\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Savannah_TallShrubs_Dry-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/shrubs_lion_flehmen\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Shrubs_Lion_Flehmen-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-435\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-435'>\n\t\t\t\tLions are usually in shoulder height grass in dune savannah habitats.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/savannah_shrubs_lioness\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Savannah_Shrubs_Lioness-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-427\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-427'>\n\t\t\t\tLions are usually in shoulder height grass in dune savannah habitats.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/savannah_tallshrubs_dry2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Savannah_TallShrubs_Dry2-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-431\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-431'>\n\t\t\t\tTypical dune savannah in the dry season. Low shrubs and tall grass on a sandy substrate. \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/savannah_tallgrass_lion\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Savannah_TallGrass_Lion-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-429\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-429'>\n\t\t\t\tLions are usually in shoulder height grass in dune savannah habitats.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Dune savannah or mixed shrub savannah (Dawson and Butynski, 1975) are open grassy habitats on a sandy substrate with varying levels of shrubs, dominated by the grasses <em>Cenchrus ciliaris, Digitaria eriantha, Stipagrostis uniplumis <\/em>and<em> Panicum<\/em> spp. \u00a0Shrubs include <em>Lonchocarpus nelsii, Terminalia sericea, Cataphractes alexandri, Bauhinia petersiana, Senegalia mellifera detinens, Senegalia fleckii, Grewia flava, G. bicolor, G. flavescens, Dichrostachys cinerea, Vachellia nebrownii, Senegalia ataxacantha, Boscia albitrunca, V. hebeclada, V. erioloba, <\/em>and<em> V sieberiana<\/em>. This habitat is favoured by fine grained substrates, deeper bedrocks, and lower rainfall than woodland habitats (Moore and Attwell, 1999). I had originally intended to classify this varied habitat into sub-categories to capture density and heights of shrubs within, however the algorithms employed to categorise the remotely sensed images were unable to distinguish sufficient differences along the subtle spectrum, and field categorization was similarly difficult.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Woodlands<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Woodlands are uncommon in the CKGR, and unimpressive.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-3' class='gallery galleryid-9 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/savannah_denseshrub_vehicle_green\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Savannah_DenseShrub_Vehicle_Green-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-420\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-420'>\n\t\t\t\tA sparse woodland is found on the hillside in this photo\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/pan_talltrees_gemsbok_greenish\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Pan_TallTrees_Gemsbok_Greenish-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-417\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-417'>\n\t\t\t\tThis photo of a pan habitat shows the typical stunted size of trees in CKGR woodlands. \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Woodland habitat is found mostly in the north-east of the study area between and to the east of Leopard Pan and Sunday Pan and is a result of coarser grain, shallow depth to bedrock and higher rainfall. The predominant tree types are <em>Terminalia prunioides, T. sericea, Albizia anthelmintica, Vachellia erioloba <\/em>and<em> Combretum imberbe<\/em>. \u00a0These trees are also found in much sparser numbers occasionally through the all of the other habitat types. I defined the woodlands (greater than 30% tree canopy cover) that is considered separately by other authors (e.g. (Moore and Attwell, 1999)) but is a rare habitat and insufficient herbivore counts made estimating density separately for woodlands problematic. As a relatively closed habitat it is difficult to photograph; the scale of the trees are similar to those in the slideshow photo of the pans.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Central Kalahari is a unique, beautiful place, situated in the middle of the kalahari sands. &nbsp; Pan Habitats A distinctive feature of the CKGR is the pan habitats. Many roads run through pans, and campsites are usally close by. They \u00a0consist of a hard clay base in a flat depression. The pans provide exceptional [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":441,"href":"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9\/revisions\/441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kevs.house\/kalaharilionresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}